Thursday, September 4, 2014

Case Digest: People vs Jalosjos


PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. ROMEO G. JALOSJOS,
accused-appellant.


Facts:

         The victim of rape in this case was a minor below twelve (12) years of age, who herself narrated the shameful details of the dastardly act against her virtue. The victim was peddled for commercial sex by her own guardian whom she treated as a foster father. Because the complainantwas a willing victim, the acts of rape were preceded by several acts of lasciviousness on distinctlyseparate occasions..The accused was then CongressmanRomeo Jalosjoswho, inspite of his having been charged and convicted by the trial court for statutory rape, was stillre-elected to his congressional office. On December 16, 1996, two (2) informations for the crime ofstatutory rape and twelve (12) for acts of lasciviousness, were filed against accused-appellant
      
      The victim, Maria Rosilyn, grew up in a two-storey apartment in Pasay City under the care of SimplicioDelantar, whom she treated as her own father. Simplicio was a fifty-six year old homosexual whose ostensible source of income was selling longganiza and tocino and accepting boarders at his house.He, however, was also engaged in the skin trade as a pimp.

          Rosilyn ran away from home with the help of one of their boarders. They went tothe Pasay City Police where she executed a sworn statement against SimplicioDelantar. Rosilynwas thereafter taken to the custody of the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD).The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) conducted an investigation, which eventually led to thefiling of criminal charges against accused-appellant He was also convicted on six (6) counts of acts of lasciviousness.

Issue/s

1.      WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT GRIEVOUSLY ERRED IN CONVICTING THE
ACCUSED-APPELLANT BASED ON TESTIMONY OF THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT,
CONSIDERING THE ATTENDANT INDICIA OF INCONSISTENCIES AND UNTRUTHS.

2.      WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT GRIEVOUSLY ERRED IN DISREGARDING THE SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE CONFLICTING STATEMENTS GIVEN BY THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT.

3.      WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT GRIEVOUSLY ERRED IN DISREGARDING THE SIGNIFICANCEOF PRIVATE COMPLAINANT'S FAILURE TO IDENTIFY THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

4.      WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT GRIEVOUSLY ERRED IN RULING THAT THE PRIVATECOMPLAINANT WAS A MINOR LESS THAN TWELVE YEARS OF AGE WHEN THECLAIMED INCIDENTS ALLEGEDLY TOOK PLACE.

5.      WHETHER OR NOT THE TRIAL COURT GRIEVOUSLY ERRED IN FINDING THAT RAPE WASCOMMITTED AGAINST THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT.

Ruling

The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the RTC Makati with modification of penalty.

1.      TESTIMONY OF VICTIM; DOCTRINE OFFALSUS IN UNO FALSUS IN OMNIBUS; APPLICATION THEREOF NOT AN ABSOLUTERULE OF LAW; CASE AT BAR. The contention is without merit. Falsus in unofalsus inomnibus is not an absolute rule of law and is in fact rarely applied in modernjurisprudence.Trier of facts are notbound to believe all that any witness has said; they may accept some portions of his testimony and reject other portions, according to what seems to them, upon other facts and circumstances to be thetruth . . . Even when witnesses are found to have deliberately falsified in some material particulars,the jury are not required to reject the whole of their uncorroborated testimony, but may credit suchportions as they deem worthy of belief.

2.      CREDIBILITY OF WITNESSES; NOT AFFECTED BY SOMEAMBIGUOUS ANSWERS ON WITNESS STAND, WHICH REFERS TO MINOR ANDPERIPHERAL DETAILS; CASE AT BARA reading of the pertinent transcript ofstenographic notes reveals that Rosilyn was in fact firm and consistent on the fact of rape andlascivious conduct committed on her by accused-appellant. She answered in clear, simple andnatural words customary of children of her age.

3.      IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACCUSED; DEFECT IN OUT-OF-COURT
IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACCUSED CAN BE CURED BY AN IDENTIFICATIONSUBSEQUENTLY MADE IN COURT; APPLICATION IN CASE AT BAR.Contrary to thecontentions of accused-appellant, the records reveal that Rosilyn positively and unhesitatingly identified accused-appellant at the courtroom. Such identification during the trial cannot be
diminished by the fact that in her sworn statement, Rosilyn referred to accused-appellant as her abuser based on the name she heard from the person to whom she was introduced and on the name she saw and read in accused-appellant's office.


4.      AGE OF THE VICTIM IN RAPE CASES MAY BE ESTABLISHED BY
DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE OTHER THAN THE BIRTH CERTIFICATE; PRESENT INCASE AT BAR. — It is settled that in cases of statutory rape, the age of the victim may be provedby the presentation of her birth certificate. In the case at bar, accused-appellant contends that the birth certificate of Rosilyn should not have been considered by the trial court because said birthcertificate has already been ordered cancelled and expunged from the records by the Regional TrialCourt of Manila, Branch 38, in Special Proceedings No. 97-81893, dated April 11, 1997. Even assuming the absence of a valid birth certificate, there is sufficient and ample proof of the complainant's age in the records. Rosilyn's Baptismal Certificate can likewise serve as proofof her age. In People v. Liban, we ruled that the birth certificate, or in lieu thereof.


5.      WHEN CONSUMMATED; SUFFICIENTLYESTABLISHED IN CASE AT BAR. — True, in People v. Campuhan, we explained that thephrase, "the mere touching of the external genitalia by the penis capable of consummating thesexual act is sufficient to constitute carnal knowledge.Theinevitable contact between accused-appellant's penis, and at the very least, the labia of the pudendum of Rosilyn, was confirmed when she felt pain inside her vagina when the "idiniin" part ofaccused-appellant's sex ritual was performed.


6.      STATUTORY RAPE; ELEMENTS; ESTABLISHED IN CASE AT BAR. — At the time of commission of the crimes complained of herein in 1996, statutory rape was penalizedunder Section 11 of R.A. 7659, which amended Article 335 of the Revised Penal Code, to wit:When and how rape is committed. — Rape is committed by having carnal knowledge of a womanunder any of the following circumstances: 1. By using force or intimidation; 2. When the woman isdeprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; and 3. When the woman is under twelve years of age or is demented

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